Monday, February 4, 2013

The Internet: The Creation of a More Diverse Literacy


Julia Chun
Professor Leake
WRIT 1122
04 February 2013

The Internet: The Creation of a More Diverse Literacy

Many may argue that the web and modern technologies are making us illiterate and incapable of performing tasks that we were previously able to do.  Although the internet has reshaped and molded our way of thinking into one that is much more open, I do not see the web as a hindrance to our reading and writing skills. Though it may take away from our attention spans and our handwriting skills, we are “writing more than ever before” (Lunsford). The technologies that are present today have given us a more refined and interactive type of literacy. Our civilization has diversified and updated the way we read and write along with the way we live. 
In our day and age, literacy comes in so many shapes and sizes. Sylvia Scribner, an American psychologist and educational researcher, states that literacy is “a kind of reality that educators should be able to grasp and explain... literacy has an ‘essence.’” The “essence” of it is hard to capture and define because technology, reading, and writing are changing and developing every day.  Scribner took on the challenge of attempting to define literacy. There can be so many aspects of literacy so how do you define it? Scribner defines literacy in three metaphors: “literacy as adaptation, literacy as power,” and “literacy as a state of grace” Literacy as adaptation is “functional literacy” or the idea that people are literate because it is a necessary skill in our daily lives. Literacy as power confronts the idea that there is a “relationship between literacy and group or community advancement.” Literacy as a state of grace or “literacy as salvation” covers the concept that there are special powers and virtues given to those who are literate. Scribner declares that literacy as a whole is “critical for individual and social enhancement.” Scribner addresses the various facets of literacy, but there are several other ways to define literacy in our world of ever-adapting technologies.
Technology has transformed literacy into a form of expression. When we write, we create something of our own. We make art. On the web, there are many places where users can use writing as a creative outlet. One example is seen in the blogosphere. Blogs allow internet users to write in the spur-of-the-moment and create their own work of art. It does not need to be edited and revised before it is exposed to the world. It can be simply displayed the moment you click ‘POST’ or ‘PUBLISH’ on your blog. Blogs are personal writing. “The atmosphere,” blogger Andrew Sullivan writes in The Atlantic, “will inevitably be formed by the blogger’s personality.” Writing, in all forms, is the same way. Each person has their own style and mannerisms when writing. Many people use blogs as journals, a free write of what is on their mind.
Personally, this is the format in which I enjoy blogging. I experienced this writing format in several of my English classes throughout high school. During my senior year, my English professor had us sit down for the first ten minutes of class and write. It did not matter what we wrote about or what the format it was, but rather, it mattered that we wrote for ten minutes nonstop at the beginning of every class. This concept is similar to the journal or diary concept in Freedom Writers, in which an English teacher assigns her high school students to take time to journal each day about anything they wish. The majority of the students come from backgrounds full of pain and danger. With writing, the students are given a way to talk about the horrific events of their daily lives. They log the hurt and the scars that they have gotten in their short lifetimes. As the knowledge in their English class grows, the students then reach the level and ability to read The Diary of Anne Frank. Many of the students relate to this book, and one student mentions how the significance of the book. Anne Frank, by simply writing in a diary, was able to share her story and spread it to so many other people, even beyond her lifetime. Blogging allows people the freedom to write and reveal personal thoughts where it can make an impact. Blogging can even log events and moments in time. Through his blog, Andrew Sullivan was able to recall his experiences and emotions from September 11, 2001 by looking back at previous posts. Whatever you post on a blog, it is instantly published for readers to see. It is immediately shared, and your writing may affect people beyond yourself. Today, being able to make a difference is a common goal.
The web has given readers and writers a voice. In a study where students were asked for the purpose of their writing, many “wanted their writing to count for something.” To these students, and, I think, to many others today, good writing or effective writing is “writing that ‘made something happen in the world.’” (Lunsford)  Through the internet, each individual has the opportunity to have their own voice and speak out. Writing online can speak many volumes. Students are able to share opinions that they value and have a strong conviction for. People want to have the chance to trigger a change in the world, to be the start of a movement. People are given a voice in several different aspects. Individuals can defend a political party or their independent political opinions. Many activists utilize the web to gather a larger following base. The internet offers the opportunity of things going “viral.” Because of all the social media websites, it only takes a single click to share a blog post, online journal, or article. After speaking out, there is the opportunity for feedback and interaction.
The internet allows for collaborative literacy. It offers up the chance to discuss and debate. In addition, the web gives more chances to rewrite, polish our skills. Joseph Harris explains, “The real excitement of intellectual writing is the chance to engage with and rewrite the work of other thinkers.” We do not always need completely original ideas and concepts in our writing. We can take bits and pieces of things we read to make a collage of works that we cut, edit, shape, and mold to make our own. We are able to add our own feedback while connecting to other writers. Stanford University’s Andrea Lunsford refers to the writing we do today as “life writing” because it is “collaborative, social, [and] participatory.” In the article, “Why I Blog”, Andrew Sullivan reveals his purpose for blogging. He revels in the fact that he can get instant feedback from others on his writing. Sullivan can create or trigger an instant discussion. He can have people agree with him and have people argue with him. Either way, he is able to immediately post something and soon after receive positive or negative comments or feedback on his posts. In this way, much like Harris, in Rewriting, suggests, readers can examine the text, “rethink” it, and “reinterpret” it. Harris describes texts as artifacts because they have been “made and designed.” In this way, they can “be shelved, filed, or stored and then retrieved and reexamined” (Harris, 11). Our writing may spur and elicit thoughts that influence other writers around us. Although the web has been a positive influence in many ways, there have also been a few negative effects. Beyond collaboration, the web can hurt our literacy.  
The web has transformed the way we think. In the article, Is Google Making Us Stupid? 2011 Pulitzer Prize finalist Nicholas Carr addresses the issue of the influence of the internet on our brains and activities. He reveals that the internet “seems to be ...chipping away [his] capacity for concentration and contemplation.” He explains how his concentration drifts “after two or three pages.” Carr describes how he gets “fidgety... look[s] for something else to do.” Studies show that the more people use the Web, the more difficult it becomes to stay focused on long pieces of writing. The way we read becomes a “form of skimming activity” because we are “just seeking convenience.” According to Carr, it is not just “a different kind of reading,” but it is also a “different kind of thinking.”  In his essay, America the Illiterate, journalist Chris Hedges contends that in our world, there is “a need for constant stimulus.” All of the aspects of our society- the "news, political debate, theater, art and books are judged not on the power of their ideas but on their ability to entertain." We are no longer able to sit and stay still for longer periods of time if we are not interested. We have to be doing something interesting, watching something interesting, listening to something interesting, etc. “The change from a print-based to an image-based society has transformed our nation” (Hedges). I was able to relate to both Carr and Hedges. I was surprised at the accuracy of the statements and how they applied to my own life. I often skim while I read and search to find something… anything that will catch my interest enough to continue reading. Despite my concentration and way in which I read, I believe that the internet has been very beneficial to our reading and writing.
The way we read and write is similar to that in Freedom Writers, reading to know that we are not alone, and writing to have a voice. I write for these purposes. I write to examine what I have read.  I write to share my opinion. I write to give feedback. I write for a catharsis. I write to reveal my emotions. I write to release. I write to receive advice. I write for interaction. I can do all of these things through the utilization of the web in my reading and writing. The internet and other technologies that exist have influenced the manner in which we read and write into a more expressive and collaborative style.


WORKS CITED

Carr, Nicholas. "Is Google Making Us Stupid?" The Atlantic Aug. 2008. Web. 18 Jan. 2013.
<http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/07/is-google-making-us-
stupid/306868/>.
Harris, Joseph. Rewriting: How To Do Things With Texts. Logan: Utah State University Press,
2006. Print.
Hedges, Chris. "America the Illiterate." Truthdig 10 Nov. 2008. Web. 18 Jan. 2013.
<http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/20081110_america_the_illiterate/>.
Lunsford, Andrea A. "Our Semi-literate Youth? Not So Fast." Stanford University. Web.
24 Jan. 2013. <http://www.stanford.edu/group/ssw/cgi-bin/materials/OPED_Our_Semi-
Literate_Youth.pdf>.
Scribner, Sylvia. "Literacy in Three Metaphors." American Journal of Education 93 (1985): 6-21.
Web. 24 Jan. 2013.
Sullivan, Andrew. "Why I Blog." The Atlantic Nov. 2008. Web. 10 Jan. 2013.
<http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/11/why-i-blog/307060/>.


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